A β-D-N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAcβ) ligand equipped with an amine-functionalized linker through a hexyl spacer. The primary amine can be covalently coupled with N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) activated esters to form stable amide bonds, providing a straightforward route to conjugate the ligand onto NHS-activated molecules and surfaces. The terminal amine is protected with a benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz) group, which can be removed by hydrogenolysis to reveal the free amine for conjugation. This compound enables the construction of hepatocyte-targeted therapeutics and research tools that exploit the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), which is highly expressed on liver hepatocytes and binds GalNAc-containing ligands with high affinity.

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